Persona: de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa
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de la Torre Noetzel
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Publicación Acceso Abierto Future space experiment platforms for astrobiology and astrochemistry research(npj Microgravity, 2023-06-12) Elsaesser, Andreas; Burr, David J.; Mabey, Paul; Urso, Riccardo Giovanni; Billi, Daniela; Cockell, Charles S.; Cottin, Hervé; Kish, Adrienne; Leys, Natalie; Van Loon, Jack J. W. A.; Mateo Martí, Eva; Moissl-Eichinger, Christine; Onofri, Silvano; Quinn, Richard C.; Rabbow, Elke; Rettberg, Petra; De la Torre Noetzel, R.; Slenzka, Klaus; Ricco, Antonio J.; De Vera, Jean Pierre; Westall, Frances; de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa; European Space Agency (ESA)Space experiments are a technically challenging but a scientifically important part of astrobiology and astrochemistry research. The International Space Station (ISS) is an excellent example of a highly successful and long-lasting research platform for experiments in space, that has provided a wealth of scientific data over the last two decades. However, future space platforms present new opportunities to conduct experiments with the potential to address key topics in astrobiology and astrochemistry. In this perspective, the European Space Agency (ESA) Topical Team Astrobiology and Astrochemistry (with feedback from the wider scientific community) identifies a number of key topics and summarizes the 2021 “ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper” for astrobiology and astrochemistry. We highlight recommendations for the development and implementation of future experiments, discuss types of in situ measurements, experimental parameters, exposure scenarios and orbits, and identify knowledge gaps and how to advance scientific utilization of future space-exposure platforms that are either currently under development or in an advanced planning stage. In addition to the ISS, these platforms include CubeSats and SmallSats, as well as larger platforms such as the Lunar Orbital Gateway. We also provide an outlook for in situ experiments on the Moon and Mars, and welcome new possibilities to support the search for exoplanets and potential biosignatures within and beyond our solar system.Publicación Acceso Abierto Freeze Substitution Accelerated via Agitation: New Prospects for Ultrastructural Studies of Lichen Symbionts and Their Extracellular Matrix(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2023-11-30) Reipert, Siegfried; Gruber, Daniela; Cyran, Norbert; Schmidt, Brigitte; De la Torre Noetzel, R.; García Sancho, Leopoldo; Goga, Michal; Bačkor, Martin; Schmidt, Katy; de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa; Slovak Research and Development Agency; Slovak Grant Agency KEGA; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)settingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Freeze Substitution Accelerated via Agitation: New Prospects for Ultrastructural Studies of Lichen Symbionts and Their Extracellular Matrix by Siegfried Reipert 1,*ORCID,Daniela Gruber 1,Norbert Cyran 1,Brigitte Schmidt 1,Rosa de la Torre Noetzel 2,Leopoldo G. Sancho 3ORCID,Michal Goga 4,Martin Bačkor 4,5ORCID andKaty Schmidt 1 1 Cell Imaging and Ultrastructural Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria 2 Department of Earth Observation, National Institute for Aerospace Technology, 28850 Madrid, Spain 3 Section of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain 4 Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia 5 Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Plants 2023, 12(23), 4039; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234039 Submission received: 21 October 2023 / Revised: 22 November 2023 / Accepted: 27 November 2023 / Published: 30 November 2023 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Microscopy Techniques in Plant Studies) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract (1) Background: Lichens, as an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem, attract the attention of various research disciplines. To elucidate their ultrastructure, transmission electron microscopy of resin-embedded samples is indispensable. Since most observations of lichen samples are generated via chemical fixation and processing at room temperature, they lack the rapid immobilization of live processes and are prone to preparation artefacts. To improve their preservation, cryoprocessing was tested in the past, but never widely implemented, not least because of an extremely lengthy protocol. (2) Methods: Here, we introduce an accelerated automated freeze substitution protocol with continuous agitation. Using the example of three lichen species, we demonstrate the preservation of the native state of algal photobionts and mycobionts in association with their extracellular matrix. (3) Results: We bring to attention the extent and the structural variability of the hyphae, the extracellular matrix and numerous crystallized metabolites. Our findings will encourage studies on transformation processes related to the compartmentation of lichen thalli. They include cryopreserved aspects of algal photobionts and observations of putative physiological relevance, such as the arrangement of numerous mitochondria within chloroplast pockets. (4) Conclusions: In summary, we present accelerated freeze substitution as a very useful tool for systematic studies of lichen ultrastructures.Publicación Acceso Abierto Limits of Life and the Habitability of Mars: The ESA Space Experiment BIOMEX on the ISS(Mary Ann Liebert, 2019-02-11) De Vera, Jean Pierre; Alawi, Mashal; Backhaus, Theresa; Baqué, Mickael; Billi, Daniela; Böttger, Ute; Berger, T.; Bohmeier, M.; Cockell, Charles S.; Demets, René; De la Torre Noetzel, R.; Edwards, Howell; Elsaesser, Andreas; Fagliarone, Claudia; Fiedler, Annelie; Foing, Bernard; Foucher, Frédéric; Fritz, Jörg; Hanke, Franziska; Herzog, Thomas; Horneck, Gerda; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Huwe, Björn; Joshi, Jasmin; Kozyrovska, Natalia; Kruchten, Martha; Lasch, Peter; Lee, Natuschka; Leuko, Stefan; Leya, Thomas; Lorek, Andreas; Martínez Frías, Jesús; Meessen, Joachim; Moritz, Sophie; Moeller, Ralf; Olsson-Francis, Karen; Onofri, Silvano; Ott, Sieglinde; Pacelli, Claudia; Podolich, Olga; Rabbow, Elke; Reitz, Günther; Rettberg, Petra; Reva, Oleg; Rothschild, Lynn; García Sancho, Leo; Schulze Makuch, D.; Selbmann, Laura; Serrano, Paloma; Szewzyk, Ulrich; Verseux, Cyprien; Wadsworth, Jennifer; Wagner, Dirk; Westall, Frances; Wolter, David; Zucconi, Laura; de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI); National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU); German Centre for Air and Space Travel; Helmholtz AssociationBIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) is an ESA/Roscosmos space exposure experiment housed within the exposure facility EXPOSE-R2 outside the Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). The design of the multiuser facility supports—among others—the BIOMEX investigations into the stability and level of degradation of space-exposed biosignatures such as pigments, secondary metabolites, and cell surfaces in contact with a terrestrial and Mars analog mineral environment. In parallel, analysis on the viability of the investigated organisms has provided relevant data for evaluation of the habitability of Mars, for the limits of life, and for the likelihood of an interplanetary transfer of life (theory of lithopanspermia). In this project, lichens, archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, snow/permafrost algae, meristematic black fungi, and bryophytes from alpine and polar habitats were embedded, grown, and cultured on a mixture of martian and lunar regolith analogs or other terrestrial minerals. The organisms and regolith analogs and terrestrial mineral mixtures were then exposed to space and to simulated Mars-like conditions by way of the EXPOSE-R2 facility. In this special issue, we present the first set of data obtained in reference to our investigation into the habitability of Mars and limits of life. This project was initiated and implemented by the BIOMEX group, an international and interdisciplinary consortium of 30 institutes in 12 countries on 3 continents. Preflight tests for sample selection, results from ground-based simulation experiments, and the space experiments themselves are presented and include a complete overview of the scientific processes required for this space experiment and postflight analysis. The presented BIOMEX concept could be scaled up to future exposure experiments on the Moon and will serve as a pretest in low Earth orbit.Publicación Restringido Lichen Vitality After a Space Flight on Board the EXPOSE-R2 Facility Outside the International Space Station: Results of the Biology and Mars Experiment(Mary Ann Liebert, 2020-04-30) De la Torre Noetzel, R.; Ortega García, M. V.; Miller, Ana Zélia; Bassy, O.; Granja, Carmen; Cubero, Beatriz; Jordão, Luisa; Martínez Frías, Jesús; Rabbow, Elke; Backhaus, Theresa; Ott, Sieglinde; García Sancho, Leopoldo; Paul de Vera, Jean-Pierre; de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa; Ortega García, María VictoriaAs part of the Biology and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX; ILSRA 2009-0834), samples of the lichen Circinaria gyrosa were placed on the exposure platform EXPOSE-R2, on the International Space Station (ISS) and exposed to space and to a Mars-simulated environment for 18 months (2014–2016) to study: (1) resistance to space and Mars-like conditions and (2) biomarkers for use in future space missions (Exo-Mars). When the experiment returned (June 2016), initial analysis showed rapid recovery of photosystem II activity in the samples exposed exclusively to space vacuum and a Mars-like atmosphere. Significantly reduced recovery levels were observed in Sun-exposed samples, and electron and fluorescence microscopy (transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope) data indicated that this was attributable to the combined effects of space radiation and space vacuum, as unirradiated samples exhibited less marked morphological changes compared with Sun-exposed samples. Polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed that there was DNA damage in lichen exposed to harsh space and Mars-like environmental conditions, with ultraviolet radiation combined with space vacuum causing the most damage. These findings contribute to the characterization of space- and Mars-resistant organisms that are relevant to Mars habitability.Publicación Restringido Detection of new biohints on lichens with Raman spectroscopy after space- and Mars like conditions exposure: Mission Ground Reference (MGR) samples(Elsevier, 2021-11-15) López-Ramírez, Maria Rosa; Sancho García, Leopoldo; De Vera, Jean Pierre; Baqué, Mickael; Böttger, Ute; Rabbow, Elke; Martínez Frías, Jesús; De la Torre Noetzel, R.; de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)The extremophile lichen Circinaria gyrosa (C. gyrosa) is one of the selected species within the BIOMEX (Biology and Mars Experiment) experiment. Here we present the Raman study of a biohint found in this lichen, called whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate), and other organic compounds and mineral products of the biological activity of the astrobiologically relevant model system C. gyrosa. Samples were exposed to space- and simulated Mars-like conditions during the EXPOSE-R2 mission parallel ground reference experiment MGR performed at the space- and planetary chambers of DLR-Cologne to study Mars’ habitability and resistance to real space conditions. In this work, we complete the information of natural C. gyrosa about the process of diagenesis by the identification of carbonate crystals in the inner medulla together with the biomineral whewellite. The analysis by Raman spectroscopy of simulated Space and Mars exposed samples confirm alterations and damages of the photobiont part of the lichen and changes related to the molecular structure of whewellite. The conclusions of this work will be important to understand what are the effects to consider when biological systems are exposed to space or Mars-like conditions and to expand our knowledge of how life survives in most extreme conditions that is a prerequisite in future planetary exploration projects.Publicación Acceso Abierto Biosignature stability in space enables their use for life detection on Mars(Science Advances, 2022-09-07) Baqué, Mickael; Backhaus, Theresa; Meeßen, Joachim; Hanke, Franziska; Böttger, Ute; Ramkissoon, Nisha; Olsson-Francis, Karen; Baumgärtner, Michael; Billi, Daniela; Cassaro, Alessia; De la Torre Noetzel, R.; Demets, René; Edwards, Howell; Ehrenfreund, P.; Elsaesser, Andreas; Foing, Bernard; Foucher, Frédéric; Huwe, Björn; Joshi, Jasmin; Kozyrovska, Natalia; Lasch, Peter; Lee, Natuschka; Leuko, Stefan; Onofri, Silvano; Ott, Sieglinde; Pacelli, Claudia; Rabbow, Elke; Rothschild, Lynn; Schulze Makuch, D.; Selbmann, Laura; Serrano, Paloma; Szewzyk, Ulrich; Verseux, Cyprien; Wagner, Dirk; Westall, Frances; Zucconi, Laura; De Vera, Jean Pierre; de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI); Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi); Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Volkswagen Foundation; "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Two rover missions to Mars aim to detect biomolecules as a sign of extinct or extant life with, among other instruments, Raman spectrometers. However, there are many unknowns about the stability of Raman-detectable biomolecules in the martian environment, clouding the interpretation of the results. To quantify Raman-detectable biomolecule stability, we exposed seven biomolecules for 469 days to a simulated martian environment outside the International Space Station. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) strongly changed the Raman spectra signals, but only minor change was observed when samples were shielded from UVR. These findings provide support for Mars mission operations searching for biosignatures in the subsurface. This experiment demonstrates the detectability of biomolecules by Raman spectroscopy in Mars regolith analogs after space exposure and lays the groundwork for a consolidated space-proven database of spectroscopy biosignatures in targeted environments.Publicación Acceso Abierto Editorial: Presentations at the 4th Workshop of the German Astrobiological Society (DAbG) on Astrobiology, 26–27 September 2019, Vienna, Austria(Frontiers, 2021-01-18) Milojevic, T.; De la Torre Noetzel, R.; Strbak, O.; Schulze Makuch, D.; de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa
