Persona: Ferrándiz, Ricardo
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Ferrándiz
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Ricardo
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Publicación Acceso Abierto In-flight calibration of the MEDA-TIRS instrument onboard NASA's Mars2020 mission(Elsevier, 2024-11-09) Sebastián, E.; Martínez, Germán M.; Ramos, Miguel; Smith, Michael D.; Peinado, V.; Mora Sotomayor, L.; Lemmon, M. T.; Vicente Retortillo, Álvaro; De Lucas Veguillas, Javier; Ferrándiz, R.; Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A.; Ferrándiz, RicardoThis article describes a novel procedure and algorithm used for the in-flight calibration of the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) onboard the Mars 2020 mission. The purpose is to recalibrate the responsivity of TIRS’ IR detectors as they degrade following surface operations and exposure to harsh environmental conditions. Using data from in-flight calibration campaigns conducted through sol 800 of this mission, we report the time evolution of the responsivity for the different IR detectors, as well as the final performance achieved by the algorithm in the real operating environment. Moreover, we analyzed changes in responsivity as a function of TIRS geometric design and environmental factors, e.g., detector orientation, direct exposure to prevailing winds and solar radiation, electrostatic properties of the detector filter, and atmospheric dust concentration. We concluded that dust deposition on the detectors' filter during landing, and later during operation is the most likely cause of the degradation observed in the various channels, with gravitational sedimentation and the capacity of the filters to accumulate electrostatic charge being key factors. The relative and absolute degradation of the TIRS is similar to those reported by other Martian missions and instruments with similar orientations, and to date, it has shown no signs of cleaning after more than a year on the surface of Mars. Accounting for changes in responsivity during the mission is critical to maintaining the reliability of TIRS measurements, which will later be made available in NASA's Planetary Data System for the benefit of the scientific community.Publicación Acceso Abierto The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission(Springer Link, 2021-04-13) Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A.; De la Torre Juárez, M.; Alonso, A.; Apéstigue, V.; Arruego, I.; Atienza, T.; Banfield, D.; Boland, J.; Carrera, M. A.; Castañer, L.; Ceballos Cáceres, J.; Chen Chen, H.; Cobos, A.; Conrad, Pamela G.; Cordoba, E.; Del Río Gaztelurrutia, T.; Vicente Retortillo, Álvaro; Domínguez Pumar, M.; Espejo, S.; Fairén, Alberto G.; Fernández Palma, A.; Ferrándiz, R.; Ferri, F.; Fischer, E.; García Manchado, A.; García Villadangos, M.; Genzer, María; Giménez, Á.; Gómez Elvira, J.; Gómez, Felipe; Guzewich, Scott; Harri, Ari-Matti; Hernández, C. D.; Hieta, M.; Hueso, R.; Jaakonaho, I.; Jiménez Martín, Juan José; Jiménez, V.; Larman, A.; Leiter, R.; Lepinette Malvitte, A.; Lemmon, M. T.; López, G.; Madsen, Soren N.; Mäkinen, T.; Marín Jiménez, M.; Martín Soler, J.; Martínez, Germán M.; Molina, A.; Mora Sotomayor, L.; Moreno Álvarez, J. F.; Navarro López, Sara; Newman, C. E.; Ortega, Cristina; Parrondo Sempere, María Concepción; Peinado, V.; Peña, A.; Pérez Grande, I.; Pérez Hoyos, S.; Pla García, J.; Polkko, J.; Postigo, M.; Prieto Ballesteros, O.; Rafkin, Scot C. R.; Ramos, Miguel; Richardson, M. I.; Romeral, J.; Romero, C.; Runyon, Kirby; Saiz López, A.; Sánchez Lavega, Agustín; Sard, I.; Schofield, J. T.; Sebastián, E.; Smith, Michael D.; Sullivan, Robert; Tamppari, L. K.; Thompson, A. D.; Toledo, D.; Torrero, F.; Torres, J.; Urquí, R.; Velasco, T.; Viúdez Moreiras, Daniel; Zurita, S.; Apéstigue, Víctor; Ferrándiz, Ricardo; Romero Guzman, Catalina; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); European Research Council (ERC); Gobierno Vasco; Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815]; Saiz López, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581]; Chen, H. [0000-0001-9662-0308]; Pérez Hoyos, S. [0000-0002-2587-4682]NASA’s Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.Publicación Restringido Radiometric and angular calibration tests for the MEDA-TIRS radiometer onboard NASA’s Mars 2020 mission(Elsevier BV, 2020-11-02) Sebastián, E.; Martínez, Germán M.; Ramos, Miguel; Haenschke, F.; Ferrándiz, R.; Fernández Sampedro, M.; Ferrándiz, Ricardo; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO); Fernández Sampedro, M. [0000-0003-1932-7591]; Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815]; Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737This article describes a comprehensive testing method for the radiometric and angular calibration of the Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS) onboard NASA’s Mars 2020 mission. First, details of the TIRS opto-mechanical design, construction aspects of the IR detectors, and an update of the mathematical model used for the calculation of sensor internal IR fluxes are provided. Then, a set of sequential calibration tests to identify the radiometer model parameters are defined. The test setups are described, highlighting their limitations and restrictions based on differences between simulated and actual Martian environmental conditions. Finally, the uncertainty sources and potential systematic errors associated with the calibration tests are quantified and compared with the radiometer scientific requirements established by the Mars 2020 science team.
